Report on 3 week Intra-Institutional Internship Program
Introduction to Microsoft Word
Microsoft word is a word processor software developed by Microsoft in 1983. It is the most commonly used word processor software. It is used to create professional quality documents, letters, reports, resumes, etc and also allows you to edit or modify your new or existing document. The file saved in Ms Word has .docx extension. It is a component of the Microsoft Office suite, but you can buy it separately and is available for both Windows and macOS. The latest version of Ms Word is 2019. In this article we will learn the features of Ms Word, but first we learn how to open Ms Word?
How to open MS Word?
The following step shows how to open MS words:
Step 1: Type Ms Word in the search bar.
Step 2: Select Ms Word application.
Step 3: Select a blank document and press create button.
Then you will get a window like in the image below where you can write your content and perform different types of operations on that content, like font type, style, bold, italic, etc. You can also add images, tables, charts to your document.
Features of MS Word
Now let us discuss the features or components of the Ms Word. Using these features, you can perform different types of operations on your documents, like you can create, delete, style, modify, or view the content of your document.
1. File
It contains options related to the file, like New(used to create a new document), Open(used to open an existing document), Save(used to save document), Save As(used to save documents), History, Print, Share, Export, Info, etc.
2. Home
It is the default tab of Ms Word and it is generally divided into five groups, i.e., Clipboard, Font, Paragraph, Style and Editing. It allows you to select the color, font, emphasis, bullets, position of your text. It also contains options like cut, copy, and paste. After selecting the home tab you will get below options:
3. Insert
It is the second tab present on the menu bar or ribbon. It contains various items that you may want to insert into a Microsoft word. It includes options like tables, word art, hyperlinks, symbols, charts, signature line, date and time, shapes, header, footer, text boxes, links, boxes, equations, etc., as shown in the below image:
4. Draw
It is the third tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. It is used for freehand drawing in Ms Word. It provides different types of pens for drawing as shown below:
5. Design
It is the fourth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. The design tab contains document designs that you can select, such as documents with centered titles, offset headings, left-justified text, page borders, watermarks, page color, etc., as shown in the below image:
6. Layout
It is the fifth tab present on the menu bar or ribbon. It holds all the options that allow you to arrange your Microsoft Word document pages just the way you want them. It includes options like set margins, display line numbers, set paragraph indentation, and lines apply themes, control page orientation and size, line breaks, etc., as shown in the below image:
7. References
It is the sixth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. The references tab lets you add references to a document, then create a bibliography at the end of the text. The references are generally stored in a master list, which is used to add references to further documents. It includes options like, Table of Contents, Footnotes, Citations & Bibliography, Captions, Index, Table of Authorities, smart look, etc. After selecting References tab, you will get the below options:
8. Mailings
It is the seventh tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. It is a least used tab in the menu bar. This tab is where you would create labels, print them on envelopes, do mail merge, etc. After selecting mailing, you will get the below options:
9. Review
It is the eighth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. The review tab contains, commenting, language, translation, spell check, word count tools. It is good for quickly locating and editing comments. After selecting a review tab, you will get the options below:
10. View
It is the ninth tab present in the menu bar or ribbon. View tab allows you to switch between single page or double page and also allows you to control the layout tools It includes print layout, outline, web layout, task pane, toolbars, ruler, header and footer, footnotes, full-screen view, zoom, etc. as shown in the below image:
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Introduction to MS-Excel
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MS-EXCEL is a part of Microsoft Office suite software. It is an electronic spreadsheet with numerous rows and columns, used for organizing data, graphically represent data(s), and performing different calculations. It consists of 1048576 rows and 16384 columns, a row and column together make a cell. Each cell has an address defined by column name and row number example A1, D2, etc. this is also known as a cell reference.
Cell references: The address or name of a cell or a range of cells is known as Cell reference. It helps the software to identify the cell from where the data/value is to be used in the formula. We can reference the cell of other worksheets and also of other programs.
Referencing the cell of other worksheets is known as External referencing.
Referencing the cell of other programs is known as Remote referencing.
There are three types of cell references in Excel:
Relative reference.
Absolute reference.
Mixed reference.
The Ribbon in MS-Excel is the topmost row of tabs that provide the user with different facilities/functionalities. These tabs are:
Home Tab: It provides the basic facilities like changing the font, size of text, editing the cells in the spreadsheet, autosum, etc.
Insert Tab: It provides the facilities like inserting tables, pivot tables, images, clip art, charts, links, etc.
Page layout: It provides all the facilities related to the spreadsheet-like margins, orientation, height, width, background etc. The worksheet appearance will be the same in the hard copy as well.
Formulas: It is a package of different in-built formulas/functions which can be used by user just by selecting the cell or range of cells for values.
Data: The Data Tab helps to perform different operations on a vast set of data like analysis through what-if analysis tools and many other data analysis tools, removing duplicate data, transpose the row and column, etc. It also helps to access data(s) from different sources as well, such as from Ms-Access, from web, etc.
Review: This tab provides the facility of thesaurus, checking spellings, translating the text, and helps to protect and share the worksheet and workbook.
View: It contains the commands to manage the view of the workbook, show/hide ruler, gridlines, etc, freezing panes, and adding macros.
Creating a new spreadsheet:
In Excel 3 sheets are already opened by default, now to add a new sheet :
In the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find a button.
Click on that button to add a new sheet.
We can also achieve the same by Right-clicking on the sheet number before which you want to insert the sheet.
Select Worksheet.
Opening previous spreadsheet:
On the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find the name of the current sheet you have opened.
On the left side of this sheet, the name of previous sheets are also available like Sheet 2, Sheet 3 will be available at the left of sheet4, click on the number/name of the sheet you want to open and the sheet will open in the same workbook.
For example, we are on Sheet 4, and we want to open Sheet 2 then simply just click on Sheet2 to open it.
Managing the spreadsheets:
You can easily manage the spreadsheets in Excel simply by :
Simply navigating between the sheets.
Right-clicking on the sheet name or number on the pane.
Choose among the various options available like, move, copy, rename, add, delete etc.
You can move/copy your sheet to other workbooks as well just by selecting the workbook in the To workbook and the sheet before you want to insert the sheet in Before sheet.
To save the workbook:
Click on the Office Button or the File tab.
Click on Save As option.
Write the desired name of your file.
Click OK.
To share your workbook:
Click on the Review tab on the Ribbon.
Click on the share workbook (under Changes group).
If you want to protect your workbook and then make it available for another user then click on Protect and Share Workbook option.
Now check the option “Allow changes by more than one user at the same time. This also allows workbook merging” in the Share Workbook dialog box.
Many other options are also available in the Advanced like track, update changes.
Click OK.
Ms-Excel shortcuts:
Ctrl+N: To open a new workbook.
Ctrl+O: To open a saved workbook.
Ctrl+S: To save a workbook.
Ctrl+C: To copy the selected cells.
Ctrl+V: To paste the copied cells.
Ctrl+X: To cut the selected cells.
Ctrl+W: To close the workbook.
Delete: To remove all the contents from the cell.
Ctrl+P: To print the workbook.
Ctrl+Z: To undo.
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Web design:-
Start of main content
Career Guide
Finding a job
What Is Web Design? Definition, Elements and Uses
What Is Web Design? Definition, Elements and Uses
Illustration depicting brand color schemes on a tablet. A person's finger guides the color bar below a color wheel.
Web design is the creation of websites and pages to reflect a company’s brand and information and ensure a user-friendly experience. Appearance and design are incorporated as vital elements whether you’re designing a website, mobile app or maintaining content on a web page. Gaining web design skills can help you in applying for roles where your creativity could help a business improve their brand, their message and their bottom line.
In this article, we take a look at web design, including what web designers do and the common web-designing elements they work with and use.
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What do web designers do?
Web design identifies the goals of a website or webpage and promotes accessibility for all potential users. This process involves organizing content and images across a series of pages and integrating applications and other interactive elements.
The professionals who perform this process are called web designers, and their job includes the following duties:
Selecting easy-to-read fonts
Choosing attractive color schemes that also enable easy-to-read fonts
Implementing a brand's identity into the colors, fonts and layout
Creating a map of the website's structure to ensure intuitive navigation
Placing images, logos, text, videos, applications and other elements
Using coding languages, such as HTML and CSS, to create layouts and to style pages
Making optimized versions of websites and pages both for desktop and mobile viewing
There are two common web design methods: adaptive and responsive design. In adaptive design, the website content is created using standard screen sizes as the frame for the layout.
In responsive design, content moves dynamically according to the screen size. Web designers use the various steps of the general web design process to employ these design methods depending on their client or employer's preferences and goals for the site.
Learn more: Learn About Being a Web Designer
What are the elements of web design?
The web design process allows designers to adjust to any preferences and provide effective solutions. There are many standard components of every web design, including:
Layout
The layout of the website is how the material is displayed on a page. Choosing the layout is an essential task for the designer. It should be simple, intuitive and accessible. Web designers can use blank areas called white spaces to organize the elements of the site with grid-based designs to keep them in order.
Designers can create specialized layouts for desktop screens and mobile devices. Mobile-friendly websites are a necessity because many visitors access websites on their cellphones or tablets.
To ensure a website is ready for mobile visitors, the designer can use a responsive template that adapts to different screen sizes or a mobile-only look that will activate when a non-desktop device connects to the website. A consistent layout between supports contributes to the visitors' trust.
Related: 29 Website Design Tips for Creating Effective Layouts
Images
Images are illustrations, graphics, photographs, icons and others used to provide supplementary information to the text. To create the effect desired, designers can pick images that complement each other and the brand that the website represents.
Related: Graphic Design vs. Web Design: What's the Difference?
Visual hierarchy
Visual hierarchy is the order in which the user will process the information on the site. The designer creates it by applying a visual pattern to the website. The visual pattern is the way the design directs visitors' eyes and behaviors.
For example, F-Patterns or Z-Patterns emphasize the top horizontal section of your site, where most designers place navigation and the brand's logo and sometimes a search box. These are elements that inspire user interaction and brand recognition.
Related: Learn About Being a UX Designer
Color scheme
The color scheme is a combination of colors that is in harmony with the brand and industry it represents. To achieve this, they will pick a dominant color and a few others to create a palette. A color palette can be monochromatic (different shades of the same color), analogous (colors close to each other) or complementary. Designers also account for what colors users are more likely to be attracted to.
Typography
The typography is the style or font of the written content. Web designers pick one or a combination that is attractive and easy to read. To make the best choice, they should choose a font that corresponds to the target audience. Some sites may be better in serif fonts while others can use non-serif fonts, depending on the site's industry, purpose and typical user.
Related: Learn About Being a Graphic Designer
Readability
Readability is when the text of content is easy to see and read on a webpage. The text on the website should be readable because visitors usually spend little time on it and should find information quickly. The designers can achieve this by selecting an appropriate size and pixel for the text. The contrast between the text and the site's background colors also improves readability.
Related: 9 Web Design Tools and Software (Plus Their Benefits)
Navigation
The navigational elements are the tools allowing users to choose where they want to go within a website. They may be present in the header, body and footer of the website, depending on the site's layout and structure. These elements are essential as they direct visitors to the information they want as quickly as possible.
Designers can choose a variety of navigation designs and layouts, such as using a button that hides and reveal navigation menus. They can also incorporate one-click arrows and other buttons that direct users back to the top of a page, to a specific area of a page or another page entirely.
Related: What Are Interfaces? (With Definition and Examples)
Content
Content is all of the information available on the website. It is a pivotal element because visitors want to get information quickly. When the website communicates clearly and grabs the readers' attention, it is more likely to convert them into consumers. The designer can achieve this by using the appropriate tone and provide the right information on the entire website, including the "About" and "Contact" pages.
Related: What Is Dynamic Content? (Definition and Examples)
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What is the use of web design?
Web design is used to achieve various tasks and goals, including:
Search engine optimization: Search engine optimization (SEO) is a method for improving the chances for a website to be found by search engines. Web design codes information in a way that search engines can read it. It can boost business because the site shows up on the top search result pages, helping people to find it.
Customer satisfaction: A professional web design impacts clients' satisfaction positively as it provides them the information they are looking for quickly. It helps the company build a positive relationship with the visitors by ensuring the navigation on its website is easy to understand, predictable and consistent.
Mobile responsiveness: Mobile responsiveness is the feature of a website that allows it to display on a mobile device and adapt its layout and proportions to be legible. Web design ensures sites are easy to view and navigate from mobile devices. When a website is well-designed and mobile-responsive, customers can reach the business with ease.
Consistent branding: Branding refers to the promotion of a product with a unique design. Web design helps companies build or maintain a clear brand for their business. When a website expresses a business's brand consistently, it makes it easier to navigate and helps customers more clearly identify the visual elements of a brand as a specific company and its products or services.
Technical efficiency: This term refers to how productive a website can be in making a comfortable experience on a website. Designers can achieve this with clean coding that allows for quick loading times, functioning links and dynamic images and graphics. Web design services also fix those eventual glitches when they occur.
User experience optimization: Web designers run reports to understand the way people are interacting with a website all over the world. They determine which pages have more or less traffic and adapt the web design to optimize the user experience.
Conversion: Conversion happens when a visitor completes a desired action on the website. Attractive web design encourages visitors to stay long enough to be converted into consumers. They will click on a call-to-action button, exchange valuable information and subscribe or buy a product.
Improved sales: Increasing the number of items sold or acquiring more active customers are objectives of a compelling website. As web design reaches targeted customers and search engines, it helps the business make conversions on their site and improve its sales.
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Logic building using C:-
1 Improve fundamentals
Irrespective of the programming language, it is essential to make sure you understand the programming fundamentals.
When I say programming fundamentals, I am talking about basics like if statement, if-else, for loop, while loop, do-while loop, switch statement, and so on.
Understanding the basics will help you write the building blocks of the program.
#2 Join Coding Community
This is another important thing that many aspiring coders choose to ignore. The logic here is very simple.
If you want to become a great coder, you will have to be surrounded by like-minded people. Doing this will make sure you get the right feedback from the community. You will also learn and understand the thought process of the coders in your community.
There are many online coding forums on Reddit and Facebook where people share their code and ask for feedback. Join a few of them, be active for a few weeks, and see the difference.
#3 Analyze the code written by someone else
You will learn a lot about programming logic if you spend some time analyzing the code written by someone else. This point is related to the previous one.
Spend some time analyzing someone else’s code. By doing this, you will understand how others are thinking and building the programming logic. While analyzing, ask yourself why they are writing the code this way. The answer to your question will lead you one step ahead of others.
#4 Solve Puzzles
Try to solve as many puzzles as you can. This may not help you directly in writing programming logic. However, solving puzzles will condition your mind to think like a programmer.
If you become good at problem-solving, you will be able to build programming logic in your mind even before starting to write the code.
There are many resources available online related to solving puzzles. Google it and pick the one you like.
#5 Use Pen & Paper
This is the best way to get started building programming logic.
Pick a problem statement to write a programming logic. Instead of writing the code directly in the editor, grab a pen and paper to scribble your code.
Writing the code directly in the editor will distract you with syntactical errors. This is the reason why using pen and paper works for beginners.
Ignore the syntax errors and put your logic on the paper.
#6 Use Flowchart
Using a flowchart will help you visualize the flow of the program. This approach will work best when you use it with the pen and paper method.
Before starting to write a code, create a flowchart of the logic on a piece of paper. Once the flowchart is ready, you can then write the code.
#7 Practice
Follow all the above steps and practice to build your programming logic. Solve as many programming problems as possible every day. If you do not practice, it will be impossible to improve your programming logic.
Practicing daily will help you understand your shortcomings and improve on them. Hence, it is very important to practice daily to improve
#8 Patience
Patience is the key here. Based on my programming experience, I can tell you that it is not difficult to build programming logic.
I ntroduction to Microsoft Word Microsoft word is a word processor software developed by Microsoft in 1983. It is the most commonly used wo...
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